An album that redefined what hip-hop could be—jazz-funk, spoken word, and rage collide in a concept album about fame, race, and self-destruction. You haven't really heard it until you’ve sat alone with a good pair of headphones.

The first time To Pimp a Butterfly hit my speakers, I thought my system was broken. That bass on “Wesley’s Theory”—it wasn’t hip-hop. It was Parliament-Funkadelic falling downstairs with a trumpet and a prayer. Kendrick Lamar had done something strange: he’d made a rap album that refused to be a rap album.

Recorded at nearly a dozen studios—from Chalice Recording in Los Angeles to Jungle City in New York—the sessions were a rotating cast of the left field. Thundercat on bass, Robert Glasper on keys, Terrace Martin producing and playing everything. Flying Lotus showed up to warp the beats just enough to make you nervous. The engineer, mixed by Derek Ali (MixedbyAli) and mastered by Brian “Big Bass” Gardner at Bernie Grundman Mastering in Hollywood.

What came out was a sprawling, 79-minute puzzle that required you to lean in. The first track spits you out into a mosh pit of funk bass and saxophones. Then it slams into “For Free? (Interlude)” and Kendrick is ranting over a jazz trio like he’s auditioning for a beatnik poetry slam. It doesn’t let up.

The Surface and the Subtext

There’s a trap door under every groove. “These Walls” sounds like a sex song until you realize it’s about a prison cell. “Alright” became a protest anthem, but it lurches from the sound of a slurred bassline into a gospel revival. The production is so thick you could scoop it out with a shovel. Every listen reveals a new sample—a distant Isley Brothers guitar, a snatch of Boris Gardiner, something from a 1970s 7-inch that only Terrace Martin knew existed.

People call it a “jazz-rap” album, but that undersells it. It’s a call-and-response between Kendrick’s rage and the sweet soul of the horns. The track “How Much a Dollar Cost” plays like a noir short film—piano under a conversation with a homeless man who might be God. The way the chords shift feels like a door opening into a darker room.

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The Gear It Deserves

This is not a background album. You cannot throw it on while cooking dinner. The mix is dense, complex, and rewards a system that can separate the layers. A pair of open-back planar headphones like the Hifiman Edition XS can pull apart the bass and the brass, give you the space to hear that fourth trumpet entrance hidden behind the hi-hat. Plug them into an iFi Zen DAC V2 and the warmth of the Burr-Brown chip lets the midrange breathe—Kendrick’s voice stays front and center while the band spreads around him like a fog.

The album is also a testament to the power of precision. The low end is not boomy; it’s taut and controlled. That kick drum on “King Kunta” is a fat, punishing thump. You don’t want a system that blurs it into the bassline. You want control.

The fact that To Pimp a Butterfly didn’t win the Grammy for Album of the Year (it lost to Taylor Swift’s 1989) is a cosmic joke. But the music remains. It’s a document of a moment, a man cracking open his own head to show you the rot inside. And if you listen close enough, on the right gear, you can hear the tape hiss from that studio in Hollywood.

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The Record
LabelTop Dawg Entertainment / Aftermath / Interscope
Released2015
RecordedChalice Recording Studios (Los Angeles), Jungle City Studios (New York), Electric Lady Studios (New York), Notting Hill Music Studios (London), and others, 2013–2014
Produced byKendrick Lamar, Terrace Martin, Flying Lotus, Pharrell Williams, Boi-1da, Knxwledge, Thundercat, and others
Engineered byDerek Ali (MixedbyAli), James Hunt, mixed by Derek Ali; mastered by Brian 'Big Bass' Gardner
PersonnelKendrick Lamar (vocals), Thundercat (bass), Robert Glasper (piano), Terrace Martin (alto sax, synthesizers), Flying Lotus (additional production), Pharrell Williams (vocals), Anna Wise (vocals), Snoop Dogg (vocals), Ronald Isley (vocals), George Clinton (vocals)
Track listing
1. Wesley's Theory2. For Free? (Interlude)3. King Kunta4. Institutionalized5. These Walls6. u7. Alright8. For Sale? (Interlude)9. Momma10. Hood Politics11. How Much a Dollar Cost12. Complexion (A Zulu Love)13. The Blacker the Berry14. You Ain't Gotta Lie (Momma Said)15. i16. Mortal Man

Where are they now
Kendrick Lamar
Won a Pulitzer Prize for DAMN., founded creative collective pgLang, continues to release critically acclaimed music.
Thundercat
Still making solo albums and collaborating widely, known for his virtuosic bass playing.
Terrace Martin
Prolific producer and multi-instrumentalist, released several solo albums and tours.
Flying Lotus
Continues to produce electronic music, run his Brainfeeder label, and direct films.
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🎵 Key Takeaways

What is the meaning of 'Lucy' in the album's interludes?

Lucy is a personification of the devil, or more specifically, the seductive lure of money, fame, and sin. The name comes from 'Lucifer' and appears in the 'For Sale?' interlude as a voice tempting Kendrick.

Why did Kendrick Lamar use so much jazz instrumentation on this album?

Kendrick wanted to create a sound that felt both rooted in Black musical history and futuristic. The jazz-funk fusion gave him a platform for political and personal commentary in a way that traditional hip-hop production couldn't. He cited Parliament-Funkadelic and Miles Davis's 'On the Corner' as key influences.

What is the butterfly metaphor in the album's title?

The title refers to a Chinese proverb Kendrick encountered: 'To pimp a butterfly' means to take something beautiful (like the butterfly) and exploit it (pimp it). The album explores how fame, money, and systems of oppression can 'pimp' even the most beautiful souls, including Kendrick himself.

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